When the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) entered into force in 2018, Chapter 14 on Electronic Commerce represented a forward-looking approach to digital trade. Since then, the digital economy has undergone a radical transformation, fuelled by breakthroughs in digital technologies and artificial intelligence (AI), alongside dramatic shifts in geopolitical dynamics. These developments have created both new opportunities and emerging risks, underscoring the urgent need for updated regulatory frameworks and international co-operation to ensure the relevance of the CPTPP’s digital provisions. Against this backdrop, the Canadian National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation (CANCPEC) and the Australian Pacific Economic Cooperation Council...